Periodontitis, also known as periodontal disease, is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth, including the gums, alveolar bone and periodontal ligament. Often silent in its early stages, periodontal disease can have serious consequences, ranging from tooth loss to general health complications. This article focuses on the importance of prevention and early treatment of periodontitis, explaining the causes, symptoms and consequences of this often overlooked disease. Find out more about the services offered by Helvident clinics to keep your gums healthy.
The causes
The main cause of periodontal disease is the accumulation of plaque, a bacterial biofilm that forms on the teeth. If plaque is not regularly removed by brushing and flossing, it can calcify and form tartar. Tartar, which is rough and porous, encourages the build-up of bacteria and inflammation of the gums, known as gingivitis. Left untreated, gingivitis can develop into a periodontal infection.
Other factors may contribute to the development of this disease:
- Smoking : tobacco weakens the immune system and compromises the healing of gum tissue.
- Genetic predisposition
- Certain diseases : diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain autoimmune diseases can increase the risk.
- Stress : stress can weaken the immune system and aggravate inflammation.
- Medicines : certain medications can affect oral health and contribute to the development of periodontitis.
- Hormonal changes : pregnancy and menopause can increase gum sensitivity.
Symptoms of periodontal infections
These infections manifest themselves through various symptoms, which are often discreet at first:
- Red, swollen and sensitive gums
- Bleeding gums when brushing or flossing
- Persistent bad breath (halitosis)
- Dental mobility
- Gingival recession (loosening of teeth)
- Periodontal abscesses (accumulation of pus)
- Modification of dental occlusion
Health consequences
If left untreated, periodontitis can have serious consequences. Destruction of the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament promotes loosening and loss of teeth. In addition, this pathology has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory illness and complications during pregnancy.
What are the differences between gingivitis and periodontitis?
Both are inflammatory gum diseases caused by plaque build-up, but they differ in their severity and consequences. Here are the main differences:
Gingivitis :
- Superficial inflammation: the gingivitis only affects the gingiva, without reaching deeper supporting tissues (alveolar bone, periodontal ligament).
- Reversible : gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene and a healthy diet descaling professional.
- Symptoms : red, swollen and sensitive gums, bleeding when brushing. Generally painless.
- Consequences: if left untreated, gingivitis can develop into periodontitis.
Periodontitis :
- Deep inflammation : an infection that affects the supporting tissues of the teeth, including the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament.
- Irreversible : it leads to irreversible destruction of the supporting tissues. Treatment aims to halt the progression of the disease and preserve the remaining teeth.
- Symptoms : red, swollen and sensitive gums, bleeding when brushing, persistent bad breath, tooth mobility, loosening of teeth, periodontal abscesses.
- Consequences: tooth loss, general health complications (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, etc.).
See your dentist regularly for professional examinations and cleanings to prevent and detect periodontal disease at an early stage.
Prevention and treatment of periodontitis at Helvident
Prevention is essential to avoid the development of periodontitis. Good oral hygiene, including effective brushing twice a day, daily flossing and regular visits to the dentist, is essential.
Helvident clinics offer a complete range of services for the prevention and treatment of this disease:
- Descaling and polishing : to remove plaque and tartar.
- Root planing : to eliminate bacteria and tartar deposits under the gums.
- Periodontal surgery : in more advanced cases, surgery may be required to thoroughly clean out the periodontal pockets and regenerate the supporting tissues.
- Periodontal maintenance : Regular visits to the dental hygienist are essential to maintain good periodontal health after treatment.
Periodontitis is a serious disease that can have serious consequences for oral and general health. Good oral hygiene and regular visits to the dentist are essential to prevent and treat this disease. Don't hesitate to contact Helvident clinics to book an appointment and benefit from our periodontitis prevention and treatment services in Lausanne, Fribourg and Aigle.
